10-06-2026 11:06:51 (GMT +02:00) Pretoria / Cape Town, South Africa

Wholesale review of immigration regimen may see SA (temporarily) exit UN convention on refugees
21. Aug. 2023 Daily Maverick

South Africa could drop out from the United Nations refugee convention, while also repealing its domestic refugee, immigration and citizenship laws in efforts to ‘reshape the destiny of our country’, according to an ANC WhatsApp group message making the rounds from Home Affairs Minister Aaron Motsoaledi.
Home Affairs Minister Aaron Motsoaledi’s WhatsApp message asks for readiness to publicly comment on the release of the almost completed White Paper, or a government policy statement, that has emerged rather than the single new immigration law the governing ANC 2022 national conference had resolved on.
Going the White Paper route takes Home Affairs back to 2017, and its never implemented international migration policy.
Make sense of the climate crisis
The ANC 2022 national conference resolved that the government “must review” the 1996 accession without reservations to the 1951 UN Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees and the related 1967 protocol. But the ministerial text message on the White Paper sketches a different take â€` withdrawal from the UN agreements because South Africa joined without any reservations, the jargon for qualifications that allow a state to deviate from a specific convention provision.
“All countries of the world ratified with reservations in the interests of their citizens. We will re-enter the conventions afresh with reservations,” messaged Home Affairs Minister Aaron Motsoaledi, also announcing the White Paper’s proposed repeal of the immigration, citizenship and refugee acts.
“Once Cabinet gives the white paper a go-ahead, we will release it for public comment. It will be your time cdes [comrades] to reshape the destiny of our country.”
Strictly speaking, Motsoaledi’s claims on the UN refugee convention are not quite accurate.
To date, 149 state parties have signed up, many without any reservations, according to the UN refugee agency, UNHCR. A broad-sweep overview shows most often reservations are on refugees’ work permit exemptions and the right to limit refugees’ freedom of movement and residence, effectively opening the door to encampment, which is not South Africa’s domestic policy.
If South Africa decides to withdraw from the UN refugee convention and protocol, it’s not effective until a year later. Mentioned nowhere is withdrawing from the African Union’s Organisation of African Unity Convention Governing the Specific Aspects of Refugee Problems in Africa that embeds many of the UN refugee protection measures.
The Home Affairs ministry was asked for detailed comment, including on the White Paper publication date, the impact of withdrawing from the international convention on South Africa’s global obligations and concerns that the proposed withdrawal alongside a new immigration and citizenship regimen could fan anti-foreigner sentiments.
“When the department releases the White Paper for public comment, after Cabinet approval, it will also issue an official statement that will answer your questions,” was the official response. It came some 24 hours after the initial 48-hour period for comment.
Also approached for comment, the ANC did not respond over several



 

days.
South Africa’s proposed policy and legislative changes on the migration front come amid persistent anti-foreign sentiments, often fanned by vigilante groupings like Operation Dudula.
Xenophobic violence outbreaks
Civil society groups repeatedly raised the alarm â€` in 2008, 62 people were killed in the worst outbreak of violence against foreign nationals â€` as did the UN amid the July 2022 violence. Sharp criticism followed Motsoaledi’s 2018 comments, while he was health minister, that foreign nationals overburdened public health.
Such sentiments re-emerged at the ANC 2022 conference in a resolution that the government must ensure the “problem” of migration in the health sector was “completely resolved by 31 December 2023 through the work of relevant government departments and in collaboration with multilateral bodies responsible for the welfare of refugees and migrants”.
It’s unclear why Home Affairs went the route of a White Paper, or policy statement, rather than straight away producing draft legislation to bring immigration, migration, citizenship and refugee matters into a single law.
That would be in line with the 2022 ANC national conference resolution, stating that the government needed to “completely overhaul” existing citizenship, refugee and immigration legislation to “introduce a single legislation…”, while abolishing the acquiring of citizenship by marriage and introducing “quotas on the employment of foreign nationals”.
These employment quotas “should go a long way in defusing the violence between South African citizens and foreign workforce”, the resolution says. But this is disingenuous as the existing Immigration Act stipulates that the government must ensure “the contribution of foreigners in the South African labour market does not adversely impact on existing labour standards and the rights and expectations of South African workers”.
It’s up to the government, broadly speaking, and Home Affairs specifically, to ensure laws are implemented properly, effectively and consistently.
The government’s current move to a single refugee, immigration and citizenship law was signalled by Motsoaledi in his Budget Vote speech on 17 May 2023.
“The three pieces of legislation namely, the Immigration Act of 2002, the South African Citizenship Act of 1995 and the Refugees Act of 1998 are obsolete and would be completely repealed … A new single legislation dealing with immigration, citizenship and refugee protection will be introduced as is now the international trend…
“The current practice of migrants challenging the unfavourable decisions in long-drawn court process[es] would be discouraged,” Motsoaledi said then.
The immigration White Paper proposals are set to play out on the campaign trail for the 2024 elections that pundits have styled as the most crucial since South Africa’s 1994 transition to democracy V.4935

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