On Monday, Bangladesh Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina resigned and fled the country, as students targeted her office.

Hasina had first insisted protests were the work of opposition parties, then blamed terrorists, and she and her family called on security forces to prevent her ouster.

But underlying youth unemployment saw protests about a job-reservation scheme morph into a direct demand for her removal.

This is how Bangladesh`s protests evolved.

From job reservation to anti-PM protests

The `Students Against Discrimination` group, which was at the forefront of last month`s job quota protests also led the demonstrations calling for Hasina to step down.

The protests to reform the quota system paused after the Supreme Court scrapped most quotas on 21 July. Protesters, however, returned last week demanding a public apology from Hasina for the violence, the restoration of internet connections, the reopening of college and university campuses, and release of those arrested.

READ | Bangladesh top court scraps most job quotas that triggered deadly protests

By the weekend, the demonstrations spiralled into a campaign seeking Hasina`s ouster as demonstrators demanded justice for people killed last month.

The students` group called for a nationwide non-cooperation movement starting Sunday with a single-point agenda: Hasina must resign.

The protesters blamed Hasina`s government for the violence during the protests in July. Hasina`s critics and rights groups have accused her government of using excessive force against protesters, a charge the government denies.

From blaming the opposition to blaming `terrorists`

Hasina and her government initially said students were not involved in the violence during the quota protests and blamed the Islamic party, Jamaat-e-Islami, and the main opposition Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP) for

the clashes and arson.

But after violence erupted again on Sunday, Hasina said that `those who are carrying out violence are not students but terrorists who are out to destabilise the nation`.

The students group has declined Hasina`s offer for talks to resolve the crisis.

A half-century-old quota system

The contentious quota system was introduced in 1972 after Bangladesh gained independence, with the stated intention of redressing past imbalances.

Around half of all government jobs were subject to o the quotas, with 10% going to women, 10% to people from disadvantaged districts, and 5% to ethnic minorities.

But a third of the quota jobs were reserved for the children and grandchildren of freedom fighters.

Youth unemployment

Demonstrations started at university campuses in June after the High Court reinstated a quota system for government jobs, overturning a 2018 decision by Hasina`s government to scrap it.

The Supreme Court suspended the high court order after the government`s appeal and then dismissed the lower court order last month, directing that 93% of jobs should be open to candidates on merit.

But the underlying cause of the unrest, experts said, was stagnant job growth in the private sector, making public sector jobs, with their accompanying regular wage hikes and privileges, very attractive.

The quotas sparked anger among students grappling with high youth unemployment, as nearly 32 million young people are out of work or education in a population of 170 million.

The flagging economy, once among the world`s fastest growing on the back of the country`s booming garments sector, has stagnated. Inflation hovers around 10% per annum and dollar reserves are shrinking. V.5535

One of the highlighted topics: Critical Skills Visa.

- Key Insight: Is your profession on the Critical Skills List? This visa is your fast track to working in South Afr...
- This matter relates to critical skills visa and its broader implications.
- Individuals are advised to seek professional guidance.

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One of the applicants, Phindile Mazibuko, became a victim of identity theft in 2012 when fraudulent transactions occurred, using her personal details.

-The Pretoria High Court found that the department of home affairs had violated constitutional rights without due process.
-Only half of Lawyers for Human Rights` test group has been unblocked, while 385 000 identities remain blocked nationwide.
-LHR appeals extension, urges affected people to seek help now.

Lawyers for Human Rights (LHR) are intensifying pressure on the department of home affairs over the national ID-blocking crisis, accusing the state of acting too slowly to unblock qualifying individuals despite a landmark court ruling.

In January last year, the Pretoria High Court found that the department`s practice of blocking IDs without due process was unlawful and unconstitutional. One of the applicants, Phindile Mazibuko, a Swati citizen and South African permanent resident since 1998, fell victim to identity theft in 2012 when fraudsters used her personal details.

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The Border Management Authority (BMA) has doubled its staff at Airports in South Africa , including immigration officers.

What does this mean for travelers? V.6128
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The Border Management Authority (BMA) has doubled its staff at Airports in South Africa , including immigration officers.

What does this mean for travelers? V.6129
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A Washington state mother and her 6-year-old son have been released after spending more than three weeks in US immigration detention due to a brief trip to Canada and a small paperwork mistake, her attorney told CNN on Saturday.

Sarah Shaw, a New Zealand citizen who has lived legally in the US since she arrived in 2021, was detained at the Blaine, Washington, Customs and Border Protection checkpoint when returning home after dropping her two oldest children off at the Vancouver airport for a flight to visit their grandparents in New Zealand. Shaw, 33, chose the flight out of Vancouver because it was direct and she didn`t want her children to have to navigate a layover alone, her attorney Minda Thorward, told CNN.

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On 22 July 2025, the Gauteng High Court dismissed Sitrusrand Boerdery`s review of the Department of Employment and Labour`s refusal to issue a Working Conditions and Salary Benchmarking Certificate, an essential precondition for obtaining corporate visas under the Immigration Act.

Acting Judge Kekana AJ held that the Department`s decision was lawful, rational and procedurally fair. This judgment illustrates how businesses can - and must - structure their corporate visa applications to meet statutory requirements, and how legal practitioners should prepare robust review challenges when administrative authorities decline to recommend foreign-work permits.

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The United States could forfeit an estimated 9.4 billion dollars in visitor spending over the next three years following the introduction of a new 250 dollars `visa integrity fee,` according to industry groups, who warn the policy risks undermining tourism and costing thousands of jobs.
The United States’ decision to introduce a 250 dollars `visa integrity fee` on international visitors has triggered sharp criticism from the global tourism industry, with officials warning that the measure could deter millions of travellers and cost the U.S. economy billions.
The 250dollar `visa integrity fee,` part of the One Big Beautiful Bill Act signed on July 4, 2025, will take effect later this year. According to immigration law firm Envoy Global, it applies to all nonimmigrant visa holders which include students, tourists, temporary workers, and business visitors particularly from African countries. V.6132
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The Border Management Authority (BMA) has doubled its staff at Airports in South Africa , including immigration officers.

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1. Right to Legal Representation•You have the right to consult with a legal representative.•Contact an immigration practitioner, legal aid clinic, or attorney urgently.•Do not sign any documents without understanding them fully. 2. Section 34 of the Immigration Act•You must be brought to court with 48 hours to confirm arrest but you can remain locked up very long as courts figure out what to do with you •If you`re found to be illegally in South Africa, you may be detained for up to 30 days (extendable by a magistrate) pending deportation.•BUT this cannot happen arbitrarily. You must be informed of your rights, and Home Affairs must follow due process.- becomes a nightmare , you could lose your job , business , place to stay V.6121
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Driving for Bolt, Uber, Mr D, or Checkers Sixty60?If you`re undocumented, you`re risking more than just your income.The Risks if You`re Not Legal: - Vehicle impoundment - Heavy fines - Arrest & deportation - Permanent bans from working in SA V.6122
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